A multi-level framework for assessing the spatial equity of urban public space towards SDG 11.7.1 – a case study in Beijing

Rapid urbanization is reducing the limited urban public space available for residents to improve urban life. SDG 11.7.1 is used to assess the equity of urban public spaces, but it focuses only on the equity of public space at the city level, ignoring whether the public space resources in areas within the city match the needs of residents.